Jakarta, INTI - Scientists in China have successfully developed a nanoparticle iron-based catalyst capable of converting coal, biomass, and other synthetic materials into olefins, which are a key raw material for the plastics industry. The process reportedly does not rely on petroleum.
This innovation is considered a major step toward more sustainable chemical production, as it enables the conversion of synthesis gas (syngas) into hydrocarbon compounds in a more efficient and environmentally friendly process.
Raw Plastic Materials Usually Rely on Petroleum
Currently, olefin production has relied heavily on petroleum through a high-temperature process that produces significant carbon emissions. By combining two limited chemical reactions, researchers have successfully increased the efficiency of hydrogen atom utilization while reducing industrial waste.
This approach also aligns with China's strategy of utilizing domestic coal reserves as a cheaper energy alternative and strengthening national energy security amidst global uncertainty.
MTO Technology is Strategic for China
US technology company Honeywell has also developed a similar technology with its Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) process, which converts coal or natural gas into methanol, which then becomes olefins for plastic production. To further support this development, Honeywell also opened a new facility in China in the Shanghai area.
President and CEO of Honeywell Performance Materials and Technologies, Rajeev Gautam, said that MTO is a strategic technology for countries like China that have a lot of coal resources but need to import petroleum to produce plastic materials.
With an investment estimated at US$100 billion in coal processing into chemicals, China has the potential to strengthen its position as a major player in the global plastics industry. With this technology, China also has the strength in the transition to sustainable production processes.
Conclusion
Chinese scientists have developed an iron-based catalyst capable of converting coal, biomass, and synthetic materials into olefins without relying on petroleum. This innovation increases the efficiency of hydrogen use, reduces carbon emissions, and supports China's strategy of utilizing domestic coal reserves. Honeywell also developed a similar technology, the Methanol-to-Olefins (MTO) process, which converts coal into plastic. With growing global demand and significant investment, this technology has the potential to strengthen China's position in the plastics industry.
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