Jakarta, INTI - Academic from the University of Indonesia (UI), Parulian Paidi Aritonang, has called on Indonesia to strengthen risk-based artificial intelligence (AI) regulations, using global regulatory developments, including the European Union’s AI framework, as a reference.
“The European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) can serve as a reference for Indonesia in developing risk-based AI regulations, but this does not mean the model should be adopted identically,” Parulian said during the 4th International Conference on Law, Governance, and Social Justice (ICOLGAS) 2026 in Purwokerto, Banyumas Regency, Central Java, on Tuesday, September 15, 2026.
The Dean of UI’s Faculty of Law said a risk-based approach is necessary to distinguish AI applications according to the level of risk they pose, ranging from prohibited practices and high-risk systems to transparency requirements and low-risk uses.
According to Parulian, high-risk AI systems should be subject to requirements covering risk management, data governance, technical documentation, record-keeping, human oversight, accuracy, system resilience, and cybersecurity.
“What matters is not merely the technology itself, but how the risks it creates can be identified, managed, and monitored through a clear legal framework,” he said.
Strengthening AI Transparency and Oversight
Parulian said the EU AI Act also establishes transparency requirements for human interactions with AI, as well as for certain uses of synthetic content and deepfakes.
The regulation also introduces specific obligations for general-purpose AI (GPAI), including technical documentation, copyright policies, and summaries of content used to train AI models.
Parulian highlighted the importance of governance and enforcement mechanisms covering supervision, conformity assessments, registration, post-market monitoring, incident reporting, and sanctions.
Aligning AI Regulations with Indonesia’s Legal Framework
Indonesia does not yet have a single comprehensive law specifically governing AI in the same manner as the EU AI Act. However, existing regulations could provide a foundation for regulating the technology, including provisions governing electronic systems and personal data processing.
“Indonesia needs to assess whether the existing sectoral approach is sufficient or whether it should move toward risk-based AI governance,” he said.
Parulian said the European Union’s experience could serve as a benchmark for developing Indonesia’s national AI policies, while emphasizing that any approach should be adapted to the country’s needs and legal system.
“Strengthening AI regulation should not only be aimed at promoting innovation, but also at ensuring that the technology is used responsibly through adequate oversight and protection mechanisms,” he said.
Conclusion
Indonesia is encouraged to develop a risk-based AI regulatory framework that draws lessons from global approaches such as the EU AI Act while remaining aligned with the country’s own legal system and national needs. Strengthening transparency, oversight, accountability, and user protection will be essential to ensuring that AI innovation develops responsibly and sustainably.
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