Jakarta, INTI - Indonesia’s National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) has identified nine mangrove plant species in Tadu Raya, Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh, that could serve as potential sources of medicinal compounds. The plants contain bioactive substances that may be explored further through health-related research.
BRIN researcher Alin Fithor explained that the nine species comprise seven true mangroves and two plants associated with mangrove ecosystems. The findings highlight the biodiversity of Aceh’s mangrove forests as a potential resource for future pharmaceutical research.
The seven true mangrove species are Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, and Sonneratia caseolaris. The two associated species are Acanthus ilicifolius and Nypa fruticans.
Mangroves Have Long Been Used in Traditional Medicine
According to Alin, local communities have traditionally used plants from mangrove forests to help address various health complaints. Leaves and fruits are among the most commonly used plant parts, based on knowledge and practices passed down through generations.
Traditional applications include treating bruises, burns, chickenpox, fever, diarrhea, itching, skin wounds, stomachaches, mouth ulcers, and toothaches.
For example, Rhizophora apiculata, commonly known as the mangrove tree, has traditionally been used to help treat mouth ulcers, toothaches, and wounds. Meanwhile, Rhizophora mucronata has been used in traditional remedies for diarrhea, stomachaches, and skin wounds.
These practices reflect the longstanding relationship between coastal communities and mangrove ecosystems, as well as the potential value of documenting traditional medicinal knowledge for further scientific investigation.
Bioactive Compounds Offer Opportunities for Pharmaceutical Research
Beyond documenting traditional uses, BRIN researchers identified several bioactive compounds in mangrove plants that could be investigated for potential healthcare applications.
These compounds include alkaloids, phenolics, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins. According to Alin, such compounds may exhibit biological activities associated with antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral effects.
However, the presence of bioactive compounds does not automatically establish that a plant is safe or effective as a medicine for humans.
Alin emphasized the importance of distinguishing traditional medicinal plants from those whose medical benefits have been scientifically established. Further research is needed to evaluate their pharmacological effectiveness, safety, and potential therapeutic applications.
This research could provide a foundation for exploring mangrove-derived compounds as candidates for future pharmaceutical development, subject to rigorous scientific testing.
Mangrove Habitat Conservation Remains a Priority
Alin also warned that mangrove ecosystems face threats from human activities in coastal areas, including tree cutting and coastal development.
Habitat destruction can disrupt mangrove ecosystems and threaten plant species with ecological value and potential applications in future medicinal research.
Protecting mangrove habitats is therefore essential not only for preserving biodiversity but also for maintaining natural resources that may contribute to scientific and healthcare innovation.
Sustainable conservation efforts can help ensure that these ecosystems remain available for future research while continuing to support coastal environments and communities.
Research Published in an International Scientific Journal
The findings were published in Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, Volume 27, Issue 3, in March 2026.
The study, titled “Species Composition and Medicinal Uses of Mangrove Plants in Southwest Aceh, Indonesia,” examines mangrove species diversity and their traditional medicinal applications in southwestern Aceh.
The research team consisted of Alin Fithor, Wintah, Moh. Husein Sastranegara, and Kiswanto.
The study provides a scientific basis for further investigation into mangrove biodiversity and traditional medicinal knowledge, opening opportunities for research into naturally derived compounds while underscoring the importance of conserving these valuable coastal ecosystems.
Conclusion
BRIN’s discovery of nine mangrove species in Aceh highlights Indonesia’s rich biodiversity and its potential contribution to pharmaceutical research. Further scientific studies are needed to verify their safety and medicinal effectiveness, while protecting mangrove ecosystems remains essential for preserving these valuable natural resources.
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